CTFL_Syll_4.0 Exam Questions Get Updated [2024] with Correct Answers [Q13-Q37]

Q13. A requirement specifies that if the total amount of sales (TAS) made during the year by a corporate seller is
300000€ or more, the bonus that must be paid to the seller is 100% of a certain amount agreed upon at the beginning of the year. The software contains a fault as it implements this requirement with the decision “IF (TAS = 300000)” instead of “IF (TAS >= 300000)”. The application of the 3-value boundary value analysis to this problem consists of the following three test cases (TAS is an integer variable):
TC1 = 299999 TC2=300000 TC3=300001
Which of the following statements is true?

TC1 would highlight the fault

TC2 would highlight the fault

TC3 would highlight the fault

None of the three test cases would highlight the fault

The problem described involves a software implementation error in a decision statement for calculating a bonus based on the Total Amount of Sales (TAS). The requirement states that if TAS is 300,000€ or more, a bonus should be paid. However, the software incorrectly implements this with “IF (TAS = 300000)” instead of
“IF (TAS >= 300000)”.
Applying Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) to this situation involves selecting test cases at the boundaries of the input domain, including just below, at, and just above the boundary conditions.
* Test Case TC1 = 299999:
* This value is just below the boundary (300,000).
* Expected Result: No bonus should be paid.
* Actual Result: No bonus paid.
* TC1 does not highlight the fault because the implemented condition “IF (TAS = 300000)” and the correct condition “IF (TAS >= 300000)” both yield the same result (no bonus).
* Test Case TC2 = 300000:
* This value is exactly at the boundary.
* Expected Result: Bonus should be paid.
* Actual Result: Bonus paid.
* TC2 does not highlight the fault because the implemented condition “IF (TAS = 300000)” and the correct condition “IF (TAS >= 300000)” both yield the same result (bonus paid).
* Test Case TC3 = 300001:
* This value is just above the boundary.
* Expected Result: Bonus should be paid.
* Actual Result: No bonus paid due to the incorrect implementation.
* TC3 highlights the fault because the implemented condition “IF (TAS = 300000)” fails to pay the bonus, whereas the correct condition “IF (TAS >= 300000)” would pay the bonus.
* BVA focuses on the edges of input ranges where errors are more likely.
* The critical values are just below, at, and just above the boundary.
Boundary Value Analysis (BVA):Verification:According to the ISTQB CTFL syllabus, BVA is an essential technique for identifying potential errors at the boundaries of input ranges. This is because developers are more likely to make mistakes at these extremes.
Therefore, TC3 (300001) is the test case that would highlight the fault in the software’s implementation of the decision condition.

Q14. Test automation allows you to:

demonstrate the absence of defects

produce tests that are less subject to human errors

avoid performing exploratory testing

increase test process efficiency by facilitating management of defects

Q15. Which of the following applications will be the MOST suitable for testing by Use Cases

Suitability and performance of a Multi media (audio video based) system to a new operating system

The ability of an Anti virus package to detect and quarantine a new threat

A billing system used to calculate monthly charge based or large number of subscribers parameters

Accuracy and usability of a new Navigation system compared with previous system

Q16. Test automation allows you to:

demonstrate the absence of defects

produce tests that are less subject to human errors

avoid performing exploratory testing

increase test process efficiency by facilitating management of defects

Q17. Which of the following statements is true?

Functional testing focuses on what the system should do while non-functional testing on the internal structure of the system

Non-functional testing includes testing of both technical and non-technical quality characteristics

Testers who perform functional tests are generally expected to have more technical skills than testers who perform non-functional tests

The test techniques that can be used to design white-box tests are described in the ISO/IEC 25010 standard

Q18. The whole-team approach:

promotes the idea that all team members should have a thorough understanding of test techniques

is a consensus-based approach that engages the whole team in estimating the user stories

promotes the idea that all team members should be responsible for the quality of the product

is mostly adopted in projects aimed at developing safety-critical systems, as it ensures the highest level of testing independence

Q19. Which of the following statements about the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and test work products is not true?

Traceability can be useful for assessing the impact of a change to a test basis item on the corresponding tests

Traceability can be useful for determining how many test basis items are covered by the corresponding tests

Traceability can be useful for determining the most suitable test techniques to be used in a testing project

Traceability can be useful to support the needs required by the auditing of testing

Traceability is the ability to trace the relationships between the items of the test basis, such as the requirements, the design, the risks, etc., and the test artifacts, such as the test cases, the test results, the defects, etc. Traceability can provide various benefits for the testing process, such as improving the test coverage, the test quality, the test efficiency, and the test communication. However, not all the statements given are true about the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and test work products. The statement that is not true is option C, which says that test objectives should be the same for all test levels, although the number of tests designed at various levels can vary significantly. This statement is false, because test objectives are the goals or the purposes of testing, which can vary depending on the test level, the test type, the test technique, the test environment, the test stakeholder, etc. Test objectives can be defined in terms of the test basis, the test coverage, the test quality, the test risk, the test cost, the test time, etc. Test objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound, and they should be aligned with the project objectives and the quality characteristics. Test objectives should not be the same for all test levels, as different test levels have different focuses, scopes, and perspectives of testing, such as component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. The other statements are true about the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and test work products, such as:
Traceability can be useful for assessing the impact of a change to a test basis item on the corresponding tests: This statement is true, because traceability can help to identify which tests are affected by a change in the test basis, such as a new requirement, a modified design, a revised risk, etc., and to determine the necessary actions to update, re-execute, or re-evaluate the tests. Traceability can also help to estimate the effort, the cost, and the time needed to implement the change and to verify its impact on the software system.
Traceability can be useful for determining how many test basis items are covered by the corresponding tests: This statement is true, because traceability can help to measure the test coverage, which is the degree to which the test basis is exercised by the test cases. Traceability can help to identify which test basis items are covered, partially covered, or not covered by the tests, and to evaluate the adequacy, the completeness, and the effectiveness of the testing process. Traceability can also help to identify the gaps, the overlaps, or the redundancies in the test coverage, and to prioritize, optimize, or improve the test cases.
Traceability can be useful to support the needs required by the auditing of testing: This statement is true, because traceability can help to provide evidence, documentation, and justification for the testing activities, results, and outcomes. Traceability can help to demonstrate that the testing process follows the standards, the regulations, the policies, and the best practices that are applicable to the software system, the project, or the organization. Traceability can also help to verify that the testing process meets the expectations, the needs, and the satisfaction of the users and the stakeholders. Reference: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.2.2, Testing Policies, Strategies, and Test Approaches1 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.1, Test Planning1 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.2, Test Monitoring and Control1 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.3, Test Analysis and Design1 ISTQB® Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Traceability, Test Basis, Test Artifact, Test Objective, Test Level, Test Coverage, Test Quality, Test Risk, Test Cost, Test Time2

Q20. A Test Manager conducts risk assessment for a project. One of the identified risks is: The sub-contractor may fail to meet his commitment”. If this risk materializes. it will lead to delay in completion of testing required for the current cycle.
Which of the following sentences correctly describes the risk?

It is a product risk since any risk associated with development timeline is a product risk.

It is no longer a risk for the Test Manager since an independent party (the sub-contractor) is now managing it

It is a object risk since successful completion of the object depends on successful and timely completion of the tests

It is a product risk since default on part of the sub-contractor may lead to delay in release of the product

A product risk is a risk that affects the quality or timeliness of the software product being developed or tested1. Product risks are related to the requirements, design, implementation, verification, and maintenance of the software product2.
The risk of the sub-contractor failing to meet his commitment is a product risk, as it could cause a delay in the completion of the testing required for the current cycle, which in turn could affect the release date of the product. The release date is an important aspect of the product quality, as it reflects the customer satisfaction and the market competitiveness of the product3.
The other options are not correct because:
A) It is not true that any risk associated with development timeline is a product risk. Some risks could be project risks, which are risks that affect the management or control of the software project, such as budget, resources, schedule, or communication1. For example, a risk of losing a key project stakeholder is a project risk, not a product risk.
B) It is not true that the risk is no longer a risk for the Test Manager since an independent party is managing it. The Test Manager is still responsible for ensuring that the testing activities are completed according to the test plan and the quality objectives4. The Test Manager should monitor and control the sub-contractor’s performance and communicate with him regularly to identify and mitigate any potential issues or deviations5.
C) It is not clear what is meant by “object” in this option, but it could be interpreted as the software system under test or the test object6. In any case, the risk is not an object risk, as it does not affect the successful completion of the object, but rather the successful completion of the testing of the object. An object risk could be a risk that affects the functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, or portability of the software system under test2. For example, a risk of the software system having a high complexity or a low testability is an object risk, not a product risk.
Reference =
1 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 97
2 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 98
3 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 99
4 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 100
5 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 101
6 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 102

Q21. Which of the following statements about white-box test techniques is true?

Achieving full statement coverage and full branch coverage for a software product means that such software product has been fully tested and there are no remaining bugs within the code

Code-related white-box test techniques are not required to measure the actual code coverage achieved by black-box testing, as code coverage can be measured using the coverage criteria associated with black-box test techniques

Branch coverage is the most thorough code-related white-box test technique, and therefore applicable standards prescribe achieving full branch coverage at the highest safety levels for safety-critical systems

Code-related white-box test techniques provide an objective measure of coverage and can be used to complement black-box test techniques to increase confidence in the code

Q22. Consider a given test plan which, among others, contains the following three sections: “Test Scope”, “Testing Communication”, and “Stakeholders”. The features of the test object to be tested and those excluded from the testing represent information that is:

not usually included in a test plan, and therefore in the given test plan it should not be specified neither within the three sections mentioned, nor within the others

usually included in a test plan and, in the given test plan, it is more likely to be specified within “Test Scope” rather than in the other two sections mentioned

usually included in a test plan and, in the given test plan, it is more likely to be specified within “Testing Communication” rather than in the other two sections mentioned

usually included in a test plan and, in the given test plan, it is more likely to be specified within
“Stakeholders” rather than in the other two sections mentioned

Q23. In a two-hour uninterrupted test session, performed as part of an iteration on an Agile project, a heuristic checklist was used to help the tester focus on some specific usability issues of a web application.
The unscripted tests produced by the tester’s experience during such session belong to which one of the following testing quadrants?

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

The unscripted tests produced by the tester’s experience during the two-hour test session belong to the testing quadrant Q3. The testing quadrants are a classification of testing types based on two dimensions: the test objectives (whether the testing is focused on supporting the team or critiquing the product) and the test basis (whether the testing is based on the technology or the business). The testing quadrants are labeled as Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, and each quadrant represents a different testing perspective, such as unit testing, acceptance testing, usability testing, or performance testing. The testing quadrant Q3 corresponds to the testing types that have the objective of critiquing the product from the business perspective, such as exploratory testing, usability testing, user acceptance testing, alpha testing, beta testing, etc. The unscripted tests performed by the tester in the given scenario are examples of exploratory testing and usability testing, as they are based on the tester’s experience, intuition, and learning of the web application, and they focus on some specific usability issues, such as the user interface, the user satisfaction, the user feedback, etc. The other options are incorrect, because:
The testing quadrant Q1 corresponds to the testing types that have the objective of supporting the team from the technology perspective, such as unit testing, component testing, integration testing, system testing, etc. These testing types are usually performed by developers or testers who have access to the source code, the design, the architecture, or the configuration of the software system, and they aim to verify the functionality, the quality, and the reliability of the software system at different levels of integration.
The testing quadrant Q2 corresponds to the testing types that have the objective of supporting the team from the business perspective, such as functional testing, acceptance testing, story testing, scenario testing, etc. These testing types are usually performed by testers or customers who have access to the requirements, the specifications, the user stories, or the business processes of the software system, and they aim to validate that the software system meets the expectations and the needs of the users and the stakeholders.
The testing quadrant Q4 corresponds to the testing types that have the objective of critiquing the product from the technology perspective, such as performance testing, security testing, reliability testing, compatibility testing, etc. These testing types are usually performed by testers or specialists who have access to the tools, the metrics, the standards, or the benchmarks of the software system, and they aim to evaluate the non-functional aspects of the software system, such as the efficiency, the security, the reliability, or the compatibility of the software system under different conditions or environments. Reference: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.3.1, Testing in Software Development Lifecycles ISTQB® Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Testing Quadrant, Exploratory Testing, Usability Testing, Unit Testing, Component Testing, Integration Testing, System Testing, Functional Testing, Acceptance Testing, Story Testing, Scenario Testing, Performance Testing, Security Testing, Reliability Testing, Compatibility Testing

Q24. Which of the following statements about error guessing is true?

Error guessing is a system that adopts artificial intelligence to predict whether software components are likely to contain defects or not

Experienced testers, when applying error guessing, rely on the use of a high-level list of what needs to be tested as a guide to find defects

Error guessing refers to the ability of a system or component to continue normal operation despite the presence of erroneous inputs

Experienced testers, when applying error guessing technique, can anticipate where errors, defects and failures have occurred and target their tests at those issues

Q25. Which of the following statements describes regression testing?
I) Retesting of a fixed defect
II) Testing of an already tested program
III) Testing of new functionality in a program
IV) Regression testing applies only to functional testing
V) Tests that do not nave to be repeatable, because They are only used once

II, IV, V

I, III, IV

II

I, IV

Q26. Which of the following IS the BEST example of whole team approach

Testing is the responsibility of the entire team

Sharing same physical workspace is a must

Developers should depend on the business analysts as there is no distinction between testers and developers

Anyone can perform a task they are capable of

Q27. A company runs a pilot project for evaluation of a test automation tool. Which of the following is NOT a valid object of this pilot project?

Get familiar with the functionality and options of the tool

Check haw the tool fits to the existing test processes

Train all testers on using the tool

Decide upon standards for tool implementation

Q28. The following 4 equivalence classes are given:

Which of the following alternatives includes correct test values for x. based on equivalence partitioning?

-100; 100:1000; 1001

-500; 0; 100; 1000

-99; 99:101; 1001

-1000; -100; 100; 1000

Q29. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about the value added by a tester to release planning?

The tester estimates the testing effort for individual iterations

The tester assesses the testability of the user stories

The tester breaks down user stories into smaller testing tasks

The tester writes acceptance criteria

Q30. Which ONE of the following statements does NOT describe how testing contributes to higher quality?

Properly designed tests that pass reduce the level of risk in a system.

The testing of software demonstrates the absence of defects.

Software testing identifies defects, which can be used to improve development activities.

Performing a review of the requirement specifications before implementing the system can enhance quality.

The testing of software does not demonstrate the absence of defects, but rather the presence of defects or the conformance of the software to the specified requirements1. Testing can never prove that the software is defect-free, as it is impossible to test all possible scenarios, inputs, outputs, and behaviors of the software2. Testing can only provide a level of confidence in the quality of the software, based on the coverage, effectiveness, and efficiency of the testing activities3.
The other options are correct because:
A) Properly designed tests that pass reduce the level of risk in a system, as they verify that the system meets the expected quality attributes and satisfies the needs and expectations of the users and clients4. Risk is the potential for loss or harm due to the occurrence of an undesirable event5. Testing can help to identify, analyze, prioritize, and mitigate the risks associated with the software product and project6.
C) Software testing identifies defects, which can be used to improve development activities, as they provide feedback on the quality of the software and the effectiveness of the development processes7. Defects are flaws or errors in the software that cause it to deviate from the expected or required results or behavior. Testing can help to detect, report, track, and resolve the defects, and prevent them from recurring in the future.
D) Performing a review of the requirement specifications before implementing the system can enhance quality, as it can ensure that the requirements are clear, complete, consistent, testable, and aligned with the needs and expectations of the users and clients. Requirements are the specifications of what the software should do and how it should do it. Testing can help to validate that the requirements are met by the software, and verify that the software is implemented according to the requirements.
Reference =
1 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 10
2 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 11
3 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 12
4 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 13
5 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 97
6 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 98
7 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 14
[8] ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 15
[9] ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 16
[10] ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 17
[11] ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 18
[12] ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 19

Q31. Consider the following examples of risks identified in different software development projects:
[I]. The contrast color ratio for both normal text and large text of a website does not comply with the applicable accessibility guidelines, making it difficult for many users to read the content on the pages
[II]. A development vendor fails to deliver their software system on time, causing significant delays to system integration testing activities that have been planned as part of a development project for a system of systems
[III]. People in the test team do not have sufficient skills to automate tests at the test levels required by the test automation strategy which does not allow production of an effective regression test suite
[IV]. In a web application, data from untrusted sources is not subject to proper input validation, making the application vulnerable to several security attacks Which of the following statements is true?

[I] and [III] are product risks; [II] and [IV] are project risks

[I] and [IV] are product risks. [II] and [III] are project risks

[II], [III] and [IV] are product risks; [I] is a project risk

[IV] is a product risk; [I]. [II] and [III] are project risks

Q32. Confirmation testing is performed after:

a defect is fixed and after other tests do not find any side-effect introduced in the software as a result of such fix

a failed test, and aims to run that test again to confirm that the same behavior still occurs and thus appears to be reproducible

the execution of an automated regression test suite to confirm the absence of false positives in the test results

a defect is fixed, and if such testing is successful then the regression tests that are relevant for such fix can be executed

Q33. Consider a given test plan which, among others, contains the following three sections: “Test Scope”, “Testing Communication”, and “Stakeholders”. The features of the test object to be tested and those excluded from the testing represent information that is:

not usually included in a test plan, and therefore in the given test plan it should not be specified neither within the three sections mentioned, nor within the others

usually included in a test plan and, in the given test plan, it is more likely to be specified within “Test Scope” rather than in the other two sections mentioned

usually included in a test plan and, in the given test plan, it is more likely to be specified within “Testing Communication” rather than in the other two sections mentioned

usually included in a test plan and, in the given test plan, it is more likely to be specified within “Stakeholders” rather than in the other two sections mentioned

Q34. An application is subjected to a constant load for an extended period of time as part of a performance test.
While running this test, the response time of the application steadily slows down, which results in a requirement not being met. This slowdown is caused by a memory leak where the application code does not properly release some of the dynamically allocated memory when it is no longer needed.
Which of the following statements is true?

The slowdown is a failure while the memory leak is a defect

The slowdown is a defect while the memory leak is an error

The slowdown is an error the memory leak is a defect

The slowdown is a defect the memory leak is a failure

Q35. Consider an estimation session in which a six-member Agile team (Membl,…, Memb6) uses the planning poker technique to estimate a user story (in story points). The team members will use a set of cards with the following values: 1. 2, 3, 5, 8,13, 21. Below is the outcome of the first round of estimation for this session:
Membl = 3 Memb2 = 3 Memb3 = 3
Memb4 = 21 Memb5 = 3 Memb6 = 1
Which of the following answers best describes how the estimation session should proceed?

The final estimate of the user story in story points is determined by applying the three-point estimation technique with the following input values: most optimistic estimate = 1, most likely estimate = 3, and most pessimistic estimate = 21

Further estimation rounds should be performed until all team members will pick the card having the same value: this value will represent the final estimate of the user story in story points

The final estimate of the user story in story points is determined by calculating the average value between the most optimistic estimate of 21 story points (Memb4) and the most pessimistic estimate of 1 story point (Memb6)

Memb6 and Memb4 which have produced the most pessimistic and the most optimistic estimates respectively, should explain the reasons of their choices to stimulate a discussion between all members before to proceed to another estimation round

Q36. Consider the following simplified version of a state transition diagram that specifies the behavior of a video poker game:

What Is the minimum number of test cases needed to cover every unique sequence of up to 3 states/2 transitions starting In the “Start” state and ending In the “End” state?

1

2

3

4

Q37. Which of the following is a typical potential risk of using test automation tools?

Reduced feedback times regarding software quality compared to manual testing

Reduced test execution times compared to manual testing

Reduced repeatability and consistency of tests compared to manual testing

Underestimation of effort required to maintain test scripts

CTFL_Syll_4.0 Exam Questions Get Updated [2024] with Correct Answers [Q13-Q37]

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